Books

Books : reviews

J. P. Mallory.
In Search of the Indo-Europeans: language, archaeology and myth.
Thames and Hudson. 1989

What image do the Indo-Europeans conjure up? For many, it is one of horse-riding warriors sweeping out of Asia, spreading their languages and culture with each clash of the sword. Certainly, linguistic history shows that most of the peoples of Europe, Iran and India share a common ancient language known today as Proto-Indo-European. Celts, Germans, Italians, Greeks, Albanians, Slavs, Indians and many peoples long extinct can all have their linguistic ancestry traced back to this mother tongue. But how far does the story told by languages match the historical and archaeological record? What do we know about the lives and beliefs of these early Indo-Europeans? And where was their original homeland?

With the skill of a forensic scientist, Dr Mallory traces the immediate origins of each of the Indo-European peoples of Europe and Asia. By comparing their languages he demonstrates their common cultural heritage, and through the technique of comparative mythology he examines their earliest beliefs. Then he puts the case for their most likely homeland and presents the archaeological and linguistic evidence for their expansion across Europe and Asia, a process that has in recent times carried Indo-European speakers to every corner of the world.

Accompanied by extensive quotations from translated texts and fully illustrated with maps, diagrams and photographs, In Search of the Indo-Europeans is recognized as the standard work in its field.

J. P. Mallory.
The Origins of the Irish.
Thames & Hudson. 2013

Written as an engrossing detective story by the leading authority on the subject, this is the first major account in nearly a century of the core issues and multiple influences in the creation of the Irish people. Essential reading for anyone interested in Ireland and the Irish, it brings together the evidence of archaeology, culture, tradition, genetics and linguistics to shed welcome new light on the age-old riddle of Irish origins.

J. P. Mallory.
In Search of the Irish Dreamtime: archaeology and early Irish literature.
Thames & Hudson. 2016

Tracing their roots back to nearly 3000 BC, the medieval Irish claimed an ancestry older than that of any other people in Europe. In their manuscripts they recorded the shaping of their island, the reigns of their kings and the deeds of their heroes. They clung to this account of their past in the face of foreign invasion and colonization, and drew upon it whenever they felt the need to emphasize their ancient heroic pedigree. Even when more skeptical attitudes challenged the veracity of their earliest traditional history, the epic tales were still seen as relics of a prehistoric society, a window on the Iron Age, preserving the earliest vernacular literature in Europe in their accounts of King Conchobar, Queen Medb and Ireland’s greatest warrior, Cú Chulainn.

In Search of the Irish Dreamtime explores the oldest Irish mythological tradition—Ireland’s “Dreamtime”—from the perspective of archaeology. Was this narrative built from largely native accounts of Ireland’s prehistoric past, transmitted orally over many generations, or was it primarily the product of an educated medieval class who blended the cultural landscape of their own times with descriptions from the Bible and Latin literature to create an imagined ancient Irish world? Delving into the linguistic evidence of the early tales and native histories, which relate the natural environment, built environment (focusing particularly on forts and provincial capitals) and economy of ancient Ireland, Mallory expertly tests the medieval writings against the archaeology on the ground. He compares the literary depictions of ancient material culture—clothing, weaponry, modes of transport—and traditions of burial with the archaeological record of the Bronze Age through to the Middle Ages, reaching a provocative new understanding of the early history of Ireland.